Elbow pain is not always tennis elbow. It may come from muscles and tendons, nerve irritation, the neck, inflammatory conditions or referred pain. Teresa Shen explains five possible sources of elbow pain, their clinical features and when to seek further medical assessment.
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A young patient came expecting cervical manipulation after an X-ray suggested a neck problem. Re-examination pointed instead toward ulnar nerve irritation at the elbow—a reminder that treatment should follow assessment, not labels.
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Shoulder pain is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Although the problem may come from the shoulder itself, pain can also originate from the neck, nerves, muscles around the shoulder blade or, less commonly, other medical conditions. Teresa Shen shares how she approaches the question: where is the pain actually coming from?
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Special tests for rotator cuff injuries can be highly valuable in early-stage shoulder problems. However, as shoulder pain becomes chronic, protective patterns, compensation, and secondary injuries may reduce their diagnostic specificity. Dr Huang reflects on why diagnosis often evolves alongside treatment and recovery.
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