Persistent elbow pain is not always caused by a local tendon problem. Cervical radiculopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome and radial nerve entrapment can sometimes produce symptoms similar to tennis elbow. Teresa Shen explains why nerve-related pain may cause local tenderness and when a wider clinical examination is needed.

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Special tests for rotator cuff injuries can be highly valuable in early-stage shoulder problems. However, as shoulder pain becomes chronic, protective patterns, compensation, and secondary injuries may reduce their diagnostic specificity. Dr Huang reflects on why diagnosis often evolves alongside treatment and recovery.

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